I have -2.5 standing with Caldari , 5.0 security all around. I ran missions for 8 hours, set to Home station corps., Jita being a home station. I woke up this morning, it was doing it's thing, running a lot of missions, but when I checked, my standing was exactly the same. Why is that?

Caldari which is a faction has specific ways of raising.
Running missions raises Corp standing, Storyline mission raises a big chunk Corp Standing AND Faction (caldari) standing.
Epic arcs also increase a good chunk of faction.

Read up on these 2 articles.
wiki.eveuniversity.org/Faction_Standings
wiki.eveuniversity.org/Gaining_faction_standings_fast

I am learning. What I have figured out to do is let bot run missions for 2 days then on the third I will manually run the storyline missions. Just seems slow going. I used an old alt now with good caldari standings and after 8 hours aday, 3 days, I am still on level 1 missions. If I were running security I would be doing level 3's by now. I am not complaining, alt has to train Trade skills so I will continue to do Courier until license expires and see where it's at by then.